PD-1 blockade restores helper activity of tumor-infiltrating, exhausted PD-1hiCD39+ CD4 T cells

Reinvigorating exhausted HIV-specific T cells via PD-1–PD-1 ligand blockade

The programmed death (PD)-1-PD-1 ligand (PD-L) pathway, which is part of the B7-CD28 family, consists of the PD-1 receptor and its two ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. Engagement of PD-1 by its ligands inhibits immune responses, and recent work has shown that PD-1 is highly expressed on exhausted T cells during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice. Blockade of this pathwa...

Blockade for Deeply Exhausted CD8 T Cells Augments the Rescue Potential of PD-L1 CD4 T Cell Depletion Substantially

Basal cell carcinoma: PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint expression and tumor regression after PD-1 blockade

Monoclonal antibodies that block immune regulatory proteins such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in controlling the growth of multiple tumor types. Unresectable or metastatic basal cell carcinoma, however, has largely gone untested. Because PD-Ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in other tumor types has been associated with response to anti-PD-1, we investigated the e...

Increasing Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells through Inhibition of CXCL12 with NOX-A12 Synergizes with PD-1 Blockade.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors promote T cell-mediated killing of cancer cells; however, only a subset of patients benefit from the treatment. A possible reason for this limitation may be that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is immune privileged, which may exclude cytotoxic T cells from the vicinity of cancer cells. The chemokine CXCL12 is key to the TME-driven immune suppression. In this study,...

PD-L1 blockade synergizes with IL-2 therapy in reinvigorating exhausted T cells.

The inhibitory receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) plays a major role in functional exhaustion of T cells during chronic infections and cancer, and recent clinical data suggest that blockade of the PD-1 pathway is an effective immunotherapy in treating certain cancers. Thus, it is important to define combinatorial approaches that increase the efficacy of PD-1 blockade. To address this issue...